Question 1: Who was James I, and what was his significance in the early Stuart period?

Answer: James I was the king of Scotland who also became the first Stuart king of England in 1603. He is significant for uniting the crowns of England and Scotland and for his beliefs in the divine right of kings.

Question 2: Describe two reasons why tensions increased between King Charles I and Parliament in the 1620s and 1630s.

Answer: One reason was Charles's decision to raise taxes without Parliament's consent, such as the forced loan. Another was his attempts to enforce religious uniformity, which upset many Puritans and Parliament members.

Question 3: Explain the main cause of the English Civil War.

Answer: The main cause was the conflict between the monarchy's desire for absolute power and Parliament's demand for more influence and control over laws and taxation, leading to military confrontation.

Question 4: List three outcomes of the English Civil War.

Answer: The execution of King Charles I, the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell, and the temporary abolition of the monarchy.

Question 5: Describe the role of Oliver Cromwell during and after the English Civil War.

Answer: Oliver Cromwell was a leading military and political figure who commanded Parliament's forces. After the war, he became Lord Protector, ruling as a de facto dictator until his death.

Question 6: Draw a simple timeline showing the sequence of events from the signing of the Petition of Right to the execution of Charles I.

Answer: A timeline should include: 1628 - Petition of Right; 1642 - Start of Civil War; 1649 - Execution of Charles I.

Question 7: Sketch a basic diagram illustrating the structure of the English government during the Commonwealth period. Include key elements such as Parliament, the Lord Protector, and the army.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a central box labeled 'The Commonwealth' with arrows pointing to 'Parliament', 'The Army', and 'The Lord Protector', indicating their roles and interactions.

Question 8: What was the significance of the Glorious Revolution of 1688?

Answer: It marked the overthrow of King James II and established the constitutional monarchy under William and Mary, limiting royal power and increasing parliamentary authority.

Question 9: Explain the importance of the Bill of Rights (1689) in shaping British government.

Answer: The Bill of Rights limited the powers of the monarchy, confirmed parliamentary rights, and established certain freedoms, laying the foundation for constitutional monarchy.

Question 10: Identify two ways in which the Stuarts' reign influenced the development of democracy in Britain.

Answer: Firstly, the conflict with Parliament led to the recognition of parliamentary sovereignty. Secondly, the events surrounding the Glorious Revolution resulted in constitutional changes that limited royal power and increased parliamentary influence.