Question 1: Who was the first Stuart monarch to rule England, and in what year did he ascend the throne?

Answer: James I became the first Stuart king of England in 1603, following the death of Queen Elizabeth I.

Question 2: Describe one major conflict between King Charles I and Parliament that contributed to the English Civil War.

Answer: One major conflict was Charles I's attempt to arrest five Members of Parliament in 1642, which undermined parliamentary authority and increased tensions.

Question 3: Explain the significance of the English Civil War in the context of royal power and Parliament.

Answer: The Civil War was significant because it challenged the divine right of kings, leading to the temporary overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republican government under Oliver Cromwell.

Question 4: What was the outcome of the trial and execution of King Charles I?

Answer: Charles I was tried for treason, found guilty, and executed in 1649, which marked the first time a reigning monarch was publicly put to death by his own people.

Question 5: Describe the political situation in England immediately after the death of Charles I.

Answer: England was a republic called the Commonwealth, led by Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector, with no king on the throne and increasing tensions over the future government.

Question 6: Sketch a simple scene of a typical Parliament meeting during the early Stuart period. Label at least three features, such as the speaker, members, and the throne or speaker's chair.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a group of men seated around a large table or in a chamber, with a prominent speaker or leader at a central position, possibly a raised platform or chair symbolizing authority.

Question 7: Identify two reasons why King James I believed in the divine right of kings.

Answer: He believed his authority came directly from God, and he thought that questioning his power was equivalent to questioning God's will.

Question 8: Explain how the Petition of Right in 1628 limited the power of King Charles I.

Answer: The Petition of Right restricted the king's ability to levy taxes without Parliament's consent, imprison people without cause, and impose martial law, thereby limiting royal authority.

Question 9: Describe the impact of the English Civil War on the monarchy.

Answer: The war led to the temporary abolition of the monarchy, the execution of Charles I, and a shift towards republican rule, significantly reducing royal power for a period.

Question 10: Draw a timeline of the key events during the reign of Charles I, including his accession, the start of the Civil War, and his execution.

Answer: A correct timeline would include: 1625 - Charles I becomes king; 1642 - Civil War begins; 1649 - Charles I is executed; 1653 - Cromwell becomes Lord Protector; 1660 - The monarchy is restored.