Question 1: Who was the first Stuart king of England, and in what year did he begin his reign?

Answer: James I became king of England in 1603, after the death of Queen Elizabeth I.

Question 2: Describe one reason why King Charles I’s relationship with Parliament became strained.

Answer: Charles I wanted to raise taxes without Parliament's consent, which caused tension and conflict.

Question 3: Explain the significance of the English Civil War in shaping the future of England.

Answer: The Civil War led to the temporary overthrow of the monarchy, the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell, and set the stage for constitutional monarchy.

Question 4: Identify two reasons why the monarchy was restored in 1660.

Answer: The monarchy was restored due to dissatisfaction with the Commonwealth and Cromwell’s rule, and the desire among many to restore stability and tradition.

Question 5: Describe the events that led to the execution of King Charles I.

Answer: Charles I’s refusal to cooperate with Parliament, his attempts to arrest members, and his efforts to raise an army led to open conflict. After his defeat in the Civil War, he was tried for treason and executed in 1649.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram showing the chain of events from the beginning of James I's reign to the execution of Charles I. Label key events such as 'James I's accession', 'English Civil War', 'Execution of Charles I'.

Answer: A chronological flow showing James I's accession (1603), tensions with Parliament, Charles I’s rise, outbreak of Civil War, trial and execution of Charles I in 1649.

Question 7: What was the main purpose of the Petition of Right in 1628?

Answer: It aimed to limit the king’s power by demanding that taxes could not be raised without Parliament's consent and that no one could be imprisoned without trial.

Question 8: Draw a simplified sketch of a traditional English castle or manor house from the early modern period, highlighting key features such as towers, walls, and gates. (Describe what a correct sketch would include.)

Answer: A large rectangular building with towers at the corners, thick walls, a main gate, and possibly a moat or courtyard around it.

Question 9: Explain how the Glorious Revolution of 1688 changed the power of the monarchy.

Answer: It resulted in the overthrow of King James II and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, limiting royal power and increasing parliamentary authority.

Question 10: Identify one way in which the Stuarts influenced the development of democracy in England.

Answer: The Stuarts' conflicts with Parliament contributed to the development of constitutional limits on royal authority and the growth of parliamentary power.