Question 1: Identify and explain two main causes of World War I. How did these causes contribute to the outbreak of the war?

Answer: Possible causes include militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. Militarism led to an arms race; alliances created a web of commitments; imperialism caused competition for colonies; nationalism intensified rivalries. These factors increased tensions and made war more likely.

Question 2: Describe the significance of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo. How did this event lead to the outbreak of war?

Answer: The assassination of the Austro-Hungarian heir by a Serbian nationalist triggered Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia. This event activated a series of alliances, leading to a wider conflict across Europe.

Question 3: Explain the concept of trench warfare. What were its main features and how did it affect soldiers during WWI?

Answer: Trench warfare involved soldiers fighting from long, deep ditches to defend positions. Main features included muddy conditions, barbed wire, and machine guns. It led to stalemates, high casualties, and poor living conditions for soldiers.

Question 4: Describe the role of new technology during WWI. Provide at least two examples and explain their impact on warfare.

Answer: Examples include machine guns, which increased firepower and caused high casualties; and gas warfare, which caused injuries and panic. These innovations made battles more deadly and changed military strategies.

Question 5: Discuss how propaganda was used during WWI. What was its purpose and effect on public opinion?

Answer: Propaganda posters and messages were used to encourage enlistment, boost morale, and demonize the enemy. It influenced public opinion by fostering nationalism and support for the war effort.

Question 6: Describe the impact of WWI on civilians and everyday life in Britain.

Answer: Civilians experienced shortages, rationing, and increased work in factories. Many women entered the workforce, and the war caused social and economic disruptions across Britain.

Question 7: Draw a simple diagram of a typical trench system used during WWI. Label at least four features such as the front line, communication trench, and dugouts.

Answer: A correct sketch should show a zigzag pattern of trenches with labels indicating the front line, support trench, communication trench, and dugouts for soldiers' shelter.

Question 8: Explain the concept of 'total war' and how WWI exemplified this idea.

Answer: 'Total war' involves mobilizing all of a nation's resources and people towards the war effort. WWI exemplified this through conscription, war industries, and affecting civilians' daily lives extensively.

Question 9: What were the main terms of the Treaty of Versailles, and how did they aim to punish Germany?

Answer: The treaty imposed heavy reparations, limited the German army, stripped territories, and blamed Germany for the war. These terms aimed to weaken Germany and prevent future conflict.

Question 10: Assess the long-term effects of WWI on European politics and society.

Answer: WWI led to the downfall of monarchies, redrawn borders, and the rise of new political ideologies like communism and fascism. It caused social upheaval, economic hardship, and set the stage for WWII.