Question 1: Identify and explain two main causes of World War I.

Answer: Possible answers include: 1) Militarism - the belief in building strong armed forces; 2) Alliances - countries forming treaties that pulled them into war. Explanation should include how these contributed to the outbreak of war.

Question 2: Describe the role of imperialism as a cause of WWI. How did competition for colonies contribute to tensions between European powers?

Answer: Imperialism involved European nations competing for colonies and resources worldwide, leading to rivalries and mistrust, which heightened tensions and made conflict more likely.

Question 3: Sketch a simple diagram to show the alliance system at the start of WWI, including the main alliances involved.

Answer: A correct sketch would show three main groups: the Triple Entente (France, Russia, Britain) and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy), with lines indicating their alliances.

Question 4: Explain the significance of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in the outbreak of WWI.

Answer: The assassination in Sarajevo triggered a series of diplomatic crises, leading Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, which escalated due to alliances into a wider war.

Question 5: Describe the conditions soldiers faced in the trenches during WWI.

Answer: Soldiers endured muddy, cramped conditions, exposure to the elements, risk of disease, and constant threat of enemy attack, leading to high casualties and psychological trauma.

Question 6: Identify one technological advancement used in WWI and explain its impact on warfare.

Answer: The use of machine guns increased the scale of casualties, making warfare more deadly and leading to trench warfare stalemates.

Question 7: Explain how propaganda was used by governments during WWI to influence public opinion.

Answer: Propaganda posters and messages encouraged enlistment, promoted patriotic feelings, and demonized the enemy to rally public support for the war effort.

Question 8: Draw a simple flowchart showing the sequence of events from the assassination of Franz Ferdinand to the start of WWI.

Answer: A correct flowchart would include: Assassination of Ferdinand → Austria-Hungary issues ultimatum to Serbia → Serbia's response → Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia → Russia mobilizes → Germany declares war on Russia and France → Britain declares war on Germany.

Question 9: Assess the impact of WWI on European society and politics after the war ended.

Answer: WWI caused widespread destruction, loss of life, and economic hardship. Politically, it led to the fall of monarchies in Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary, and contributed to social changes such as increased demand for women’s rights.

Question 10: Discuss the Treaty of Versailles and its effects on Germany after WWI.

Answer: The Treaty imposed heavy reparations, territorial losses, and military restrictions on Germany, leading to economic hardship and resentment, which contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the outbreak of WWII.