Question 1: Describe two main causes of World War I.

Answer: Students should mention causes such as militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. For example, the arms race increased military size, alliances like the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance created tension, imperial rivalries led to competition over colonies, and nationalism caused extreme pride and hostility among nations.

Question 2: Explain what the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was and why it was important.

Answer: The assassination was the killing of the heir to Austria-Hungary’s throne by a Serbian nationalist. It was important because it triggered a chain of events that led to the outbreak of war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, and eventually involved many countries due to alliances.

Question 3: Describe what life was like for soldiers fighting in the trenches.

Answer: Soldiers faced muddy, cramped, and dangerous conditions. They experienced rats, lice, and constant threat of enemy attack. They also endured boredom and psychological stress from the noise and danger.

Question 4: Explain the purpose of the use of poison gas during WWI.

Answer: Poison gas was used to kill or incapacitate enemy soldiers, break stalemates, and create chaos in trenches. It was a new weapon that caused severe injuries and suffering.

Question 5: Draw a simple diagram showing a basic trench system used during WWI. Label the front line, support trench, and communication trench.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a zig-zag trench with three parts: the front line trench closest to enemy lines, the support trench behind it, and a communication trench linking them. Labels should clearly identify each part.

Question 6: List two ways the war affected civilians back home in Britain.

Answer: Civilians experienced shortages of food and goods, and many women took on new jobs in factories to support the war effort.

Question 7: Explain what the Treaty of Versailles was and one key condition it imposed on Germany.

Answer: The Treaty of Versailles was the peace treaty that officially ended WWI. It imposed conditions on Germany such as accepting full responsibility for the war and paying reparations.

Question 8: Describe one way WWI changed the role of women in society.

Answer: Women took on roles traditionally held by men, working in factories, driving vehicles, and serving as nurses, which increased their independence and social status.

Question 9: Summarize the impact of WWI on the map of Europe after the war.

Answer: Many empires, such as Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, collapsed. New countries like Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia were created, and borders were redrawn, leading to political instability.