Question 1: Describe two reasons why the English monarchy was restored in 1660 after the period of the Commonwealth.

Answer: Possible reasons include a desire to restore stability after years of civil war and republican rule, and the popularity of monarchy among the monarchy's supporters. Other reasons could include economic recovery needs and the influence of Charles II's supporters lobbying for restoration.

Question 2: Explain the significance of the Declaration of Breda in 1660 for the restoration of Charles II to the throne.

Answer: The Declaration of Breda was a formal letter from Charles II promising to respect religious toleration, pay army debts, and call Parliament. It reassured political supporters and helped facilitate his peaceful return to power.

Question 3: Identify two changes in government structure or policies that occurred during the Restoration period.

Answer: One change was the re-establishment of the monarchy and the Parliament's role. Another was the passing of the Clarendon Code, which aimed to enforce Anglicanism and suppress dissenting religions.

Question 4: Discuss the impact of the Great Fire of London in 1666 on the city and its reconstruction.

Answer: The fire destroyed much of central London, including many homes and buildings. Its aftermath led to a major rebuilding effort, including the redesign of the city streets and the construction of new buildings, with Sir Christopher Wren playing a key role.

Question 5: Describe the social and political atmosphere in England during the early years of Charles II’s reign.

Answer: The period was marked by political instability, religious tensions, and the struggle between Royalists and Parliamentarians. There was also a sense of relief and celebration after years of civil war and republican rule.

Question 6: Sketch a simple map of London during the Restoration period, including the River Thames, the main royal palace, and a prominent church.

Answer: A correct sketch would show the River Thames running through the city with the royal residence (such as Whitehall or the Palace of Westminster) nearby, and St. Paul's Cathedral or Westminster Abbey marked as a major religious site.

Question 7: Evaluate the reasons why the monarchy was able to be restored peacefully in 1660. Consider political, social, and international factors.

Answer: Reasons include the lack of widespread support for continuing republican rule, the diplomatic efforts of Charles II to gain support, and the general desire among the population for stability after civil war. Internationally, European monarchies generally supported the return of the monarchy in England.

Question 8: Explain how the culture and entertainment of London changed during the Restoration period.

Answer: Restoration culture saw the reopening of theaters, the emergence of Restoration comedy, and a focus on entertainment and leisure. There was also increased patronage of the arts and architecture.

Question 9: Identify and explain one challenge faced by Charles II during his reign.

Answer: One challenge was managing religious conflicts, especially between Anglicans, Catholics, and dissenters. Charles II was secretly Catholic, which caused suspicion and tension with Parliament and Protestants.

Question 10: Draw a timeline marking the key events of the Restoration period from 1660 to 1685. Include at least four significant events.

Answer: A correct timeline would include: 1660 - Restoration of Charles II; 1666 - Great Fire of London; 1665 - The Great Plague; 1685 - Death of Charles II and accession of James II.