Question 1: Describe the main reasons why King Charles II was invited to return to England and restore the monarchy in 1660.

Answer: Charles II was invited to restore the monarchy because of dissatisfaction with the preceding republican government, the desire to restore stability and tradition, and his claim to the throne as the son of Charles I. Economic and political turmoil also motivated the return of monarchy to unify the country.

Question 2: Explain the significance of the Declaration of Breda issued by Charles II in 1660.

Answer: The Declaration of Breda promised amnesty for many previous political crimes, religious tolerance, and the promise to restore the monarchy with the support of the people. It was significant because it encouraged support for his return and helped to restore stability.

Question 3: Identify and describe two major changes in government or society that occurred during the Restoration period.

Answer: One major change was the re-establishment of the monarchy, ending the republican Commonwealth. Another was the reopening of theatres and the revival of arts and entertainment, which had been banned during the Puritan rule.

Question 4: Discuss the impact of the Test Act of 1673 on religious freedom in England.

Answer: The Test Act restricted public office to members of the Church of England, excluding Catholics and non-conforming Protestants. It increased religious discrimination and aimed to secure Anglican dominance in government.

Question 5: Explain what the Clarendon Code was and its purpose during the Restoration.

Answer: The Clarendon Code was a series of laws aimed at suppressing Nonconformists and Catholics, restoring the dominance of the Anglican Church, and reinforcing religious uniformity after the Civil War.

Question 6: Describe the events and significance of the Great Fire of London in 1666.

Answer: The Great Fire of London was a massive fire that destroyed much of the medieval city, including thousands of buildings. It led to major rebuilding efforts, including new building regulations, and marked a turning point in London's history.

Question 7: Draw a simple map sketch showing the layout of London in the 17th century, indicating the River Thames, the main streets, and key landmarks such as the Tower of London and Westminster Abbey.

Answer: A correct sketch would include a winding River Thames running through the city, with the Tower of London located on the north bank, Westminster Abbey near the central area, and main streets radiating from the city center.

Question 8: Assess how the relationship between the monarchy and Parliament changed during the Restoration.

Answer: The relationship became more complex; while the monarchy was restored, tensions remained over royal authority and Parliament’s power. Some elements of constitutional monarchy emerged, but conflicts over taxation and royal prerogatives persisted.

Question 9: Explain the significance of James II’s reign and the events leading to the Glorious Revolution.

Answer: James II's Catholic faith and attempts to increase royal authority alarmed Parliament and Protestants. His policies led to fears of Catholic dominance, resulting in the Glorious Revolution of 1688, which replaced him with William and Mary.

Question 10: Describe how the Restoration period influenced the development of arts and culture in England.

Answer: The period saw a revival of theatre, literature, and art. The reopening of theatres and patronage by the monarchy led to the flourishing of playwrights like John Dryden and the development of a distinct English cultural identity.